Dr. Ashok Kumar Jain’s comprehensive work on the New Criminal Laws (2023) containing Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Surakha Sanhita and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam.

Overview of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Volume I

• Foundations of criminal law, exploring crime elements and strict liability.
• Liability shared by multiple actors and valid defenses including private defense.
• Concepts of criminal attempt and gradations of homicide (intentional, negligent).
• Offenses causing bodily harm and those targeting women.
• Crimes involving personal liberty (kidnapping, rape) and property (theft, cheating).
• Introduction of newly recognized offenses.

Overview of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Volume II

• Legal responsibilities such as abetment and conspiracy.
• Offenses against the State and public order, including sedition and riot.
• Crimes involving evidence tampering and immorality (obscenity).
• Harms tied to family and social institutions (dowry death, marital fraud).
• Assault, confinement, and property-related offenses like trespass and forgery.
• Legal provisions around reputation and punishment philosophy.

Overview of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)

• Procedural framework for criminal justice: case initiation to judgment.
• Investigation mechanisms, bail provisions, and trial conduct.
• Rights of victims and accused; alternative case resolution methods.
• Appellate remedies like appeal, revision, and reference.
• Notable procedural reforms introduced under BNSS.

Overview of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)

• Rules on admissibility of evidence and statements (admissions, confessions).
• Handling of witness testimony, including dying declarations and expert analysis.
• Structure and rules for documentary evidence vs. oral testimony.
• Principles like burden of proof, estoppel, and privileged communication.
• Detailed procedures for witness examination.